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Abanaki of New England
The history of
the Abnaki may be said to begin with Verrazano visit in 1524. The mythical
accounts of Norumbega of the early writers and navigators finally dwindled,
a village of a few bark covered huts under the name Agguncia, situated near
the mouth of Penobscot River, in the country of the Abnaki. In 1604,
Champlain ascended the Penobscot River to the vicinity of the present
Bangor, and met the "lord" of Norumbega, who was doubtless an Abnaki chief.
From that time the Abnaki formed an important factor in the history of the
region now embraced in the state of Maine.
From the time of their discovery until their partial
withdrawal to Canada they occupied the general region from the St Johns to
the Saco rivers; but the earliest English accounts indicate that about
1605-20 the southwest part of the coast of Maine was occupied by other
Indians whose chief seat was near Pemaquid, and who were at war with the
Abnaki, or Tarrateen, as the English termed them, who were located more to
the north. These other tribes were finally conquered by the Abnaki and
probably absorbed by them. Who these Indians were is unknown.
The Abnaki formed an early attachment for the French,
chiefly through the influence of their missionaries, and carried on an
almost constant war with the English until the fall of the French power in
America. The accounts of these struggles during the settlement of Maine are
familiar episodes in American history. As the whites encroached on them the
Abnaki gradually withdrew to Canada and settled chiefly at Bêcancour and
Sillery, the latter being afterward abandoned by them for St Francis, near
Pierreville, Quebec.
The Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, and Malecite, however, remained in their
ancient homes, and in 1749 the Penobscot, as the leading tribe, made peace
with the English, accepting fixed bounds. Since that period the different
tribes have gradually dwindled into insignificance. The descendants of those
who emigrated from Maine, together with remnants of other New England
tribes, are now at St. Francis and Quebec, Bêcancour in where, under the
name of Abnaki, they numbered 395 in 1903.
Judith Helina Brow was born on
January 7, 1886 in Swanton, Vermont and died in
1969 in Palmer,
Massachusetts. Mrs. Brow was a full blooded Abnaki Indian and also
was Rita's
Grandmother.
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